The total pressure (static and dynamic pressure).

Hydraulic system A and hydraulic system B.

Jeppesen charts and plates are simplified and uniform.

In a high bypass design, the vast majority of the thrust is derived from the ducted fan, rather than from combustion gases expanding in a nozzle.

A high bypass ratio provides a lower thrust specific fuel consumption (grams/sec fuel per unit of thrust in kN using SI units), especially at zero velocity (at takeoff) and at the cruise speed of most commercial jet aircraft.

Forward motion forces air into the intake which is a convergent duct where it is compressed (causing a temperature rise).

Fuel is added and combustion takes place increasing the volume. The expanding gasses accelerate to the atmosphere through the exhaust duct nozzle producing a propulsive jet.

A turbo charger is externally driven by exhaust back pressure turning a turbine which in turn drives a compressor in the induction manifold to increase the air pressure (constant volume, higher pressure) and is controlled by waste gate.

A supercharger is internally driven by the propellor shaft to compress mixture and is controlled by RPM.

1st segment starts at screen height and finishes at gear retracted.

2nd segment starts when the gear is retracted and finishes when acceleration alt is reached (min. 400ft max 1000ft) speed V2.

3rd segment starts at acceleration alt, minimum 400ft, and finishes when the flaps are retracted.

4th segment starts when the flaps are retracted, MCT is set and finishes at the 1500ft.

CAT

Frontal passage

Microburst

Mach number describes the speed of sound, which changes with the density of the medium it is travelling through.

When you reach the speed of sound, the compressibility effect creates a supersonic flow along the wing if you exceed a certain mach number.

This causes airflow separation and flutter.

It is therefore much safer and much easier to use a Mach number to express a limit at which compressibility effects start to tear the aircraft apart, as it is a constant value at all altitudes.

TORA= Takeoff Run Available, the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.

TODA= Takeoff Distance Available, the length of the take off run available (TORA) plus the length of the clearway, if available.

ASDA= Accelerated Stop Distance Available, the length of the takeoff run plus the length of the stopway, if available.

A clearway is an area beyond the paved runway, free of obstructions and under the control of the airport authorities. The length of the clearway may be included in the length of the takeoff distance available (Take Off Distance Available (TODA)). For example, if a paved runway is 2000 m long and there are 400 m of clearway beyond the end of the runway, the takeoff distance available is 2400 m long.

The stopway is an area beyond the runway which can be used for deceleration in the event of a rejected takeoff.

Screen height: TODR is the distance from the brake release point to the point where the aircraft gains a height of 35 ft above the ground. This 35 ft is what we call the screen height. While 35 ft is the screen height for class A airplanes, it is 50 ft for class B airplanes.

On a wet runway, the screen height is reduced to 15 ft.